This post publishes the fresh AMS 14 C times of thirteen ponies in the past assigned to the fresh Migration period, while the osteometric analysis and you may ages of horses located within the Lithuanian cemeteries of one’s 3rd–14th C Advertising, more two hundred some one as a whole. The research performance corrected the existing chronology of burials, as well as the osteometric data enabled another type of evaluation out-of perhaps the ponies on Migration months are indeed exceptional in proportions when you look at the this new perspective from Lithuanian horses on the 3rd in order to 14th C Offer. The new abundant data along with welcome an evaluation of your growth of the size and style and you may period of this new horses into the Lithuania amongst the 3rd and you will 14th C Offer.
dos.1. Zooarchaeological Analysis
Nearly 400 horse skeletal stays utilized in Lithuanian burial sites off the third–14th C Ad had been examined ( Shape step one ); not, due to poor maintenance, only more than 2 hundred individuals were suitable for after that size and age data. The new burial sites was basically split into about three chronological communities. A total of 21 people from 6 burial internet sites was indeed assigned into the Late Roman–post-Migration period (3rd–seventh C Advertising); 13 ponies from this period had been directly AMS 14 C-dated. They certainly were somebody chose towards 87 Sr/ 86 Sr research, the results where is actually published in an alternative publication . So you’re able to differentiate anywhere between horses (Equus caballus), donkeys (Equus asinus), and mules, the brand new methods explained by the Johnstone was adopted.
Venue out-of sites said regarding the text message: 1-Paduobe-Saltaliune III, 2-Pagrybis, 3-Pavajuonis-Rekuciai, 4-Plinkaigalis, 5-Taurapilis, 6-Marvele, 7-Degsne-Labotiskes, 8-Jaksiskis, 9-Kretuonai, 10-Salakas, 11-Varliskes, 12-Obeliai, 13-Pakalniskiai, 14-Masteikiai, 15-Kernave, 16-Memelburg (Klaipeda), 17-Vilnius.
2. Procedure and techniques
Many of them, with the exception of seven anybody, have been based in the Marvele burial web site in central Lithuania. Assessment of your archaeological perspective and grave products allows so you’re able to develop relationships of a few of burials to the twelfth C Ad. Ergo, brand new specialized avoid of Viking months (1066) hasn’t been taken into consideration, one another by approximate dating of those burial internet and you may by historical and archaeological context: zero significant break-in the historical past of Lithuania till the organization of your state on 13th C Advertising is seen.
Horses out-of three burial web sites dating back to the latest thirteen–14th C Advertisement was basically assigned to the newest medieval months. In cases like this, a number of the burials could actually big date into 12th C Offer but are tough to separate from the after ones. The fresh new medieval pony group as well as incorporated bones off ponies from several castles and another town of the new 13–14th C Post: 25 metatarsals and you will metacarpals was picked from Kernave gothic urban area, nine in the Vilnius Lower palace, and 8 out-of Memelburg, the fresh castle of your own Teutonic Acquisition, present-date Klaipeda. I have included ponies on settlement internet sites so you can provide given that purpose an image of gothic ponies that one may, depending not simply towards folks from normal burial internet however, together with out-of contexts related to the higher public strata (Vilnius, Kernave) in addition to Buy. Altogether, the fresh remains away from ninety five citizens were checked out on the medieval period. With this research, skeletal stays of all Lithuanian horses known to this new article writers off 3rd–14th C Advertising burial websites have been looked at.
Certain pony skeletons was basically defectively preserved and you will an inappropriate getting osteometric studies, therefore, the number of individuals varied with regards to study of how old they are and you will level. Age the fresh ponies are estimated because of the enamel emergence , don of your own incisors, plus the level of premolars and you can molars . Mix time of the epiphyses has also been employed for this testing. Withers level try estimated from a lot of time bones proportions making use of the fixed coefficients regarding Kiesewalter [34,35]. Horses had been classified centered on Brauner’s metacarpal and metatarsal slenderness directory group . Measurements according to von den Driesh have been made using a keen osteometric board and you may a digital caliper having a reliability out-of 0.01 cm. Pony skeletons was in fact sexed according to research by the presence regarding canine pearly whites inside men horses more cuatro–5 years of age. not, sometimes, gender of one’s animal couldn’t be determined due to missing skeleton. Enough time bone proportions, sex, as well as the ages of everyone are supplied into the Dining tables S1–S4 Kod promocyjny bookofmatches. To check getting advantages, i made use of good t-sample. Examined horses’ stays is kept in the latest Zooarchaeological Repository away from Vilnius University, Faculty of the past. Horse of Varliskes are kept in Kernave Museum, and you will pony skeletons away from Paduobe-Saltaliune III and you can Salakas is actually stored in Federal Art gallery out-of Lithuania.